介詞又稱作前置詞，表示名詞、代詞等與句中其他詞的關系，在句子中不能單獨作句子成分。

  知識點1

  表示方位的介詞有in, on, to

  In表示在某地范圍內，to表示在某地范圍內，on表示與某地相鄰。如

  Shanghai lies in the east of China.

  Japan lies to the east of China.

  Mongolia lies on the north of China.

  知識點2

  表示計量的介詞有at, for, by

  At 表示速度、價格，for 表示交換，以……為代價，by表示以……計

  It flies at about 900 kilos an hour.

  I sold my car at a high price.

  He sold the car for 500 dollars.

  They paid him by the month.

  Here eggs are sold by weight.

  知識點3

  表示材料的介詞of, from, in

  Of成品能夠看出原料，from成品已經看不出原料，In表示某種語言或者材料。如

  This box is made of paper.

  Wine is made from grapes.

  Please fill in the form in pencil first.

  They talk in English

  In指用材料不需要用冠詞，而with表示用工具，要用冠詞。比如

  Draw in pencil/ draw with a pencil

  知識點4

  表示工具或手段的介詞by, with, on

  By表示用某種方式，多用于交通，with表示用某種工具，on表示以……方式，多用于固定詞組。

  I went there by bus. / I went there in a bus.

  He broke the window with a stone.

  They talked on the telephone.

  She learns English on the radio/on TV.

  知識點5

  表示關于的介詞of, about, on

  of僅僅是提到或者談到的某人或者某事，about是關于某人或者某事的較詳細的情況，on關于學術性或者嚴肅的事情。

  He spoke of the film the other day.

  He thought about his matter yesterday.

  Can you tell me something about yourself?

  It’s a textbook on the history of China.

  知識點6

  表示原因或者理由的介詞for, at, from, of, with, by, because of

  For表示原因，經常和sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame連用，如

  I am sorry for what I said to you.

  At表示情感變化的原因，意思是聽到或者看到而，如

  He was surprised at the news.

  From表示外在的原因，比如車禍受傷等，如

  He died from the wound.

  Of表示內在的原因，比如病，餓等，如

  The old man died of hunger.

  With指生理上或者情感上的由外界到內心的原因，如

  Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

  He was shaking with anger.

  By表示外部的，尤其是暴力或者無意中造成的某種結果的原因。如

  Her body was bent by age.

  She took your umbrella by mistake.

  Because of 表示引起結果的直接原因

  He retired last month because of illness/ because he ill.

  Owing to表示某種不良后果的原因，如

  Owing to the rain they could not come.

  Thanks to表示引起某種幸運結果的原因，如

  Thanks to John, we won the game.

  Out of表示動機的起因，可以看做“處于”

  He asked the question out of curiosity.

  Through表示因為局部原因影響全局

  The war was lost through bad organization.

  知識點7

  表示好像或者當做的介詞有like, as

  Like表示“像……一樣，其實是不是”，as”作為，其實也是”

  Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud.

  He talked to me as a father.

  知識點8

  表示支持或者反對的介詞for, against

  Are you for my idea or against it?

  知識點9

  表示除了某人或者某物之外的介詞besides, except

  Besides是包括后面提到的人或物在內的“除……以外”如

  Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.

  He is interested in tennis besides football.

  Except 是指不包括后面所提到的人或物在內的除去，如

  Everyone is excited except me.

  All the visitors are Japanese except him.

  注意except通常和表示全體的all和every連用，如果與other連用，只能用Besides如

  He had other people to take care of besides me.

  Except 是排除同類，except for是排除非同類。如

  The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.

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