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2023.7.26線下托?；貞洝は挛鐖觯鼘懽餍骂}，“social media influencers”緊跟時事

2023/11/21 14:22:04來源：新航道作者：新航道

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摘要：2023.7.26線下托福回憶·下午場｜寫作新題，“social media influencers”緊跟時事

2023.7.26線下托?；貞洝は挛鐖觯鼘懽餍骂}，“social media influencers”緊跟時事

2023.7.26下午場寫作回憶?
Discussion Board
Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor's question.
In your response, you should do the following.
- Express and support your opinion.
- Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Doctor Gupta:
With the rise of social media, influencers have emerged as popular figures who impact the opinions and behaviors of their many followers. As we study the effects of media, we ought to examine whether these influencers are having positive or negative impacts on society. Influencers shape trends and sway their followers' choices on many topics from fashion to politics. Given their power, in your opinion, do social media influencers generally have positive or negative effects on their followers and society at large? What evidence supports your perspective?

Claire:
Influencers can have a positive impact because they provide their followers with a lot of information and save them time researching topics themselves. Rather than having to read extensively about fashion, politics, or other interests, fans can simply follow influencers to get key information and opinions on those subjects. Influencers conveniently consolidate and share knowledge that would otherwise take followers much time to acquire independently.

Paul:
I disagree with Claire because influencers may exaggerate or misrepresent the truth. For example, an influencer may promote a pair of athletic shoes and claim they perform amazingly, leading many followers to purchase them. However, the shoes may not actually live up to the influencer's hype. Followers can be misled by influencers stretching the truth, whether intentionally or not, about products, political issues, or other topics.?

Integrated Writing
閱讀：
濕地中出現的一種植物結構，類似于根，對于這個結構的具體作用有三種猜測：
1）吸收氧氣；
2）增加植物的穩定性；
3）釋放沼氣。

聽力反駁：
1. 科學家進行了實驗來驗證。實驗中將這部分植物結構放置在全封閉的含氧環境中，預期如果這個結構是用來吸收氧氣的話，環境中的氧氣濃度會減少。然而，實驗結果顯示氧氣并沒有減少，因此可以推斷這個結構并不起到吸收氧氣的功能。
2. 許多這種植物結構是沿著地面橫向生長的，而不是垂直向上生長，所以它們并沒有對植物起到支撐的作用。通常，根系是用來固定植物在土壤中的，并提供支撐。但橫向生長方式表明它不是為了支撐植物。
3. 沼氣是由有機物在缺氧條件下分解產生的氣體，它主要由甲烷和二氧化碳組成。由于沼氣對于植物并沒有壞處，植物不需要特意釋放沼氣。

原文參考
READING
Several species of cypress treeswhich can grow in wetlands and shallow water. produce unusual structures called knees.Unlike rootscypress knees grow above the ground. They are strange formations that extend upward from the treesroots into the air.While the function of roots is well establishedthe function of knees is still unclear but scientists have several hypotheses

Oxygen absorption
First, knees may help the trees’roots absorb or take in oxygenPlantroots require oxygen for important cellular functions,and the soil in the watery habitats where cypress trees often grow is low in oxygen.Roots of plants growing in low-oxygen soil must often obtain oxygen from another source.For examplemangrovetreeswhich also grow in soil that is underwater are known for having above-qround roots that absorb oxygen. Like the roots of mangroves, cypress knees may take in oxygen from the air and deliver it to the deeper roots.

Additional stability
Second. knees may help cypress trees stand firmly in the soil making them better able to remain securely in place when exposed to high winds or strong water currents.The fact that the cvpress has knees in addition to a network of roots mav provide additional stability,allowing the tree to anchor itself well in the soilCypress trees may need this additional support due to the softness of the wet soil in which they grow.

Methane release
Finally, knees grow on trees in areas where methane gas exists in the soil.The knees are in direct contact with the soil infused with methanewhich is of no use to trees. Therefore, the function of knees may be to release methane gas from the trees' roots into the air.The fact that measurable amounts of methane have been detected in the air above the knees supports this idea.

LISTENING
Now, listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.You read about three possible functions of Cypress knees but all of these hypotheses are problematic.
First, it seems reasonable that a structure sticking up into the air would help absorb or take in oxygen but researchers tested this hypothesisThey placed cypress knees and tightly close containers with oxygen and measured how the oxygen levels inside the containers changed over time.Surprisingly, they found that the oxygen levels did not change much.This indicated that the knees absorbed very little oxygenIf the function of Cypress knees were to take in oxygenyou would expect the knees to absorb significant amounts of the oxygen in the containers.That did not happen.
Second,the idea that knees help Cyprus trees stay firmly rooted in the soil is problematic too. You see many Cyprus knees are attached to the Cyprus's horizontal roots. Those horizontal roots do not extend down deep into the soil and the knee does not provide any additional stability in that situationKnees can help with stability only if they attach to vertical roots that reach deep into the soil but many knees are not connected to vertical roots at all since the knees are so freguently attached to horizontal roots rather than to vertical ones.It's doubtful that physical support is their main purpose.
Finally, about methane release.This idea is unconvincing for a couple ofreasons.You see although methane is not useful to treesit really does them no harmIt seems unlikely that the trees would develop special features like the knees just to get rid of something that has no negative effectBesides lots of microorganisms live on Cypress knees and it's completelypossible that these tinyorganismsproduce the methane detected around the knees not the knees themselves.

2023.7.26下午場口語回憶?
Task1:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents should discourage their children from pursuing careers in competitive fields where success is not likely, such as professional sports or entertainment.

Task2:
閱讀：
學校為了減少圖書的損壞，打算讓學生不再把參考資料帶回家或者宿舍，而只能在圖書館閱讀。

聽力：女生不同意。
1. 由于無法借閱圖書回到宿舍，學生晚上在宿舍進行學術研究時，會導致學習的不便和困擾。
2. 學生通常只借閱圖書幾天，建議學?？梢圆扇×P款的方式來解決圖書損壞問題，而不是完全限制學生從圖書館借書。

Task3:
閱讀：
植物在自然環境中所表現出的適應性和生存機制。

聽力：
在沙漠中，一些仙人掌選擇在大樹的遮蔭下生長。大樹提供了茂密的樹冠，可以阻擋太陽的直射光，因此在大樹的陰涼下，溫度相對較低，有助于植物保持涼爽狀態。
大樹在生長過程中的落葉會在樹下堆積并逐漸腐爛，產生營養物質，豐富樹下土壤的營養成分。小植物可以通過根系吸收這些營養，為自己的生長提供所需的養分。

Task4:
提高業務利潤的兩個方法：
1.減少產品種類和選擇：有研究表明，顧客對于有限的選擇更有可能做出決策，這有助于提高產品的銷售量。因此，專注于少數高銷量的產品，可以提高生產效率和銷售利潤。
2.降低設施和設備的復雜性可以降低機器成本。舉例來說，對于制造冰淇淋的公司，可以簡化冰淇淋的形狀和大小，避免過多繁瑣的選擇，從而減少生產設備和工藝的復雜性。?

2023.7.26下午場閱讀回憶?
1. 歐洲各國的經濟發展（歷史）
歐洲各國工業的發展情況可以分為兩大類別：重工業和輕工業。這兩種工業類型在國家之間的發展差異主要取決于資源、技術、經濟結構和歷史背景等因素。

2. 魚向陸地生物的進化（生物）
魚類的鰭（fin）進化成肺（lung）是關于生物進化中的一個重要過程，這導致了一類生物的出現——兩棲動物（Amphibians）。?

2023.7.26下午場聽力回憶
Conversation:
1. 學生想找暑假的工作，找老師幫忙；
2. 學生想再校內建一個娛樂場所，學生可以喝咖啡，辦音樂會等，尋求老師的支持；

Lecture：
1. 藝術類：independent movie，電影歷史
2. 天文學：找地外行星，dark matter是產生熱量的一種途徑；
3. 心理學：false prediction，有提到兩個實驗（candy & doll），不同年齡孩子的反應；

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