上一篇小編分享的是：詳細的SAT語法動詞和時態(tài)(上)

  動詞是表述一個動作的詞匯，特殊的動詞有情態(tài)動詞、助動詞。與漢語不同的是英語中的動詞對于單復數和時態(tài)非常重視，單復數需要和相對應的主語(也就是動作的施力者)的單復數保持一致，時態(tài)上需要考慮的內容比較多：動作發(fā)生的時間，動作對于現(xiàn)在的影響，是否為普遍規(guī)律。

  知識點5

  謂語動詞通常狀況下都是在謂語動詞后面的，但是這并不是絕對情況。有的時候句子通過改變句子成分的順序可以讓主語出現(xiàn)在謂語動詞后面，這個時候如何選擇對應的謂語動詞就會困難。有一個簡單的方法就是自己改寫再進行還原。如原句：

  Near those buildings sit a lonely house, inhabited by squatters.

  不知道正確與否的情況下，可以先自己進行改寫然后再還原成原句類似的形式

  改寫的是A lonely house, inhabited by squatters, sits near those buildings.

  再還原Near those buildings sits a lonely house, inhabited by squatters.

  例題5

  用這個改寫的方法判斷下面句子的正確性。

  There is a young man and an older woman at the bus stop.

  解析5

  很多考生在記憶就近原則的時候往往還加上一個there be句型，這次改寫就可以說明there be句型到底符合不符合就近原則。

  改寫的句子是A young man and an older woman are there at the bus stop.

  還原后就是There are a young man and an older woman at the bus stop.

  知識點6

  常見的比較confusing的主語表達對應的謂語動詞單復數情況

  例題6

  判斷下面句子是否主謂一致，是否是合適的謂語，如果不是，請修改。

  1. The traveling salesman was dismayed to learn that neither his sons nor his daughter were

  interested in moving.

  2. I was so thirsty that either of the two drinks were fine with me.

  3. A venomous snake designated the emblem of the rebellion by the insurgency.

  4. A number of players on the team have improved since last season.

  5. Jack, along with some of his closest friends, is sharing a limo to the prom.

  6. The recent string of burglaries, in addition to poor building maintenance, have inspired the outspoken resident to call a tenants meeting.

  7. There is, according to my doctor, many courses of treatment available to me.

  8. After all the gardening we did, the sun shining on the flowerbeds make a beautiful sight.

  9. The placement of the unusual artwork in the mansion's various rooms was impressive.

  10. A new textbook focused on recent advances in artificial intelligence assigned by our instructor.

  11. Just around the corner is a fantastic bakery and a small supermarket.

  12. Planting all these seeds is more involved than I thought.

  13. Whoever rented these movies has to take them back before midnight.

  14. Tired of practicing, the orchestra decide to walk out on their astonished conductor.

  15. The proliferation of computer games designed to involve many players at once were first developed before the widespread availability of high-speed internet connections.解析6

  1. 第一個was使用正確，第二個were不正確，nor應該就近，靠近的是his daughter單數名詞，應該改作The traveling salesman was dismayed to learn that neither his sons nor his daughter was interested in moving.

  2. 第一個was正確，第二個were不對，因為從句的主語是either，謂語動詞應該是單數。句子改為I was so thirsty that either of the two drinks was fine with me.

  3. 第一個designated 不正確，應該改作was designated因為designate是一個人才能做動作的謂語動詞，蛇是對象，應該是被動語態(tài)。改A venomous snake was designated the emblem of the rebellion by the insurgency.

  4. 正確，a number of對應復數謂語動詞。

  5. 正確，along with是additive phrase，謂語動詞參照被修飾的主語。

  6. 第一個have inspired不對，因為string是單數名詞，The recent string of burglaries, in addition to poor building maintenance, has inspired the outspoken resident to call a tenants meeting.

  7. 第一個is不對，可以改變語序According to my doctor, many courses of treatment are there available to me. 因此應該為There are, according to my doctor, many courses of treatment available to me.

  8. 第一個make不對，因為sun shining這個屬于主語從句，謂語動詞一定是單數。應該改為After all the gardening we did, the sun shining on the flowerbeds makes a beautiful sight.

  9. 正確，主語是the placement單數名詞。

  10. 第一個assigned不正確，因為該謂語動詞的主語應該是人，但是這里主語卻不是人，應該被動語態(tài)。應該改為A new textbook focused on recent advances in artificial intelligence was assigned by our instructor.11. 第一個is不對，調整語序，a fantastic bakery and a small supermarket are just around the corner.因此正確的表達為Just around the corner are fantastic bakery and a small supermarket.

  12. 正確，現(xiàn)在分詞做主語，謂語動詞單數。

  13. 正確，主語是從句，謂語動詞單數。14. 第一個decide不正確，orchestra是集體名詞，謂語動詞單數，應該改為Tired of practicing, the orchestra decides to walk out on its astonished conductor.

  15. 修飾games的沒有問題，該句的問題在于主語是proliferation, 但是從句意來看并非如此。應該改為Computer games designed to involve many players at once have proliferated; such games were first developed before the widespread availability of high-speed internet connection.

  知識點7

  SAT語法考點中，經常出現(xiàn)的就是時態(tài)問題了。常見的時態(tài)有一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，一般過去時態(tài)，一般將來時態(tài)，現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，過去完成時態(tài)，過去進行時態(tài)這七種，英語中一共有十六種時態(tài)，但是大多復雜的時態(tài)和SAT考試沒有關系。

  知識點8

  一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)通常用在以下情況：

  A) 表示現(xiàn)階段或經常性的動作狀態(tài),如

  He goes to school by bike every day.

  B) 表示客觀真理，如

  The earth goes around the sun.

  C) 表示計劃，決定，時刻表，如

  The train leaves at 17:40.

  D) 用在時間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句表示將要發(fā)生的動作。

  If you speak slowly, I understand.

  If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go on a picnic.

  一般過去時，表示過去的事情，過去的習慣，常在以下情況使用

  A) 表示過去完成的事情或者存在的狀態(tài)，如

  I met him last month.

  She looked well when I last saw her.

  B) 描述幾個相繼發(fā)生的動作，如

  I always got up too late, washed my face, had a quick breakfast and hurried to school.

  一般將來時，表示一個將要發(fā)生的動作或者狀態(tài)。

  A) 表示將要發(fā)生的事情，如

  I will see you tomorrow.

  B) 表示打算準備做某件事，如

  He is going to be a doctor when he grows up.

  C) 即將

  She is about to go home.

  D) 表示計劃決定要求

  You are to get here before 6.

  現(xiàn)在進行時，表示說話時或者現(xiàn)階段內正在進行的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。

  A) 說話時動作正在進行

  I am a writing a letter.

  B) 表示現(xiàn)階段內正在進行的動作

  The workers are building a building.

  C) 表示已經具體的計劃，安排

  She is leaving for Beijing this evening.

  D) 表示特定的感情色彩

  We are looking forward to seeing you again.

  現(xiàn)在完成時

  A) 表示動作已經發(fā)生，動作的結果對于現(xiàn)在仍然有影響，經常與already, yet, now, just, by this time連用。

  He has phoned me about the theft.

  He has turned off the light.

  B) 表示一個動作在過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在

  I have learned English for more than 6 years.

  C) 強調持續(xù)性

  (correct) He has been in Beijing for 5 years.

  (incorrect) He has come to Beijing for 5 years.

  D注意since引導的從句如果是持續(xù)性動詞，表示這行為的終止，如果是瞬間動詞，表示這個行為的開始。

  It’s weeks since I feel ill. 我生病好幾周了。

  It’s weeks since I was ill. 我病好了好幾周了。

  過去進行時

  A) 過去某時正在進行的時態(tài)或者動作。

  They were singing songs from seven to nine last night.

  B) 用when引導的時間狀語從句表示某一個時刻，一個動作發(fā)生時，另一個動作正在進行，或者某一個動作正在進行時突然發(fā)生另一件事。

  It was raining when they arrived at the station.

  C) 有while引導的時間狀語從句，常表示過去某一時刻發(fā)生的事情是可以延續(xù)的或者同時發(fā)生的，此時，主句和從句的謂語動詞都可用過去進行時。

  He as selling the newspaper while he was waiting for the bus.

  過去完成時

  A)表示某一個動作或者狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或者動作之前已經完成或者結束

  When I woke up, it had stopped raining.

  B)表示某一個動作或者狀態(tài)在某時之前已經開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間，并且動作尚未結束仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。

  By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for 20 years.

  C)用于hardly when, no sooner than剛，就或者It was the first time that等句型中

  We had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him,

  We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.

  It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.

  例題7

  Genetically-modified agricultural products are more or less the norm today, and the achievements in genetically-modified agriculture are all the work of bioinformatics.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. Is

  C. Can be

  D. Would have been

  解析7

  句子中間有and作為連接兩個句子的連詞，因此這個劃線部分謂語動詞對應的真正的主語是the achievements是復數名詞，因此B單數形式的謂語動詞是錯誤的。

  剩下的需要看時態(tài)，and說明了前后的句子是并列關系，前一句中的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，無論是根據平行，還是根據在一個句子中應該保持時態(tài)一致，都應該在此處繼續(xù)選擇一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。因此CD也不對

  因此A

  例題8

  Both the forager bees and the scout plays important roles in the process of collecting nectar. Scouts must find the best locations for nectar. Scouts must also be cautious of sites with damaged flowers or deceased bees, as these may be signs of predators.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. And the scout play important

  C. And the stout were playing important

  D. And the stout was playing important

  解析8

  首先判斷謂語動詞的單復數，主語是both the forager bees and the scout是復數名詞，因此謂語動詞應該也采取復數形式。AD都是單數形式，錯誤

  再看時態(tài)，后面的句子都是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，句子說的是一般的規(guī)律性的內容，適合使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。因此C也不恰當。

  因此B

  知識點9

  在主謂一致的時候我們說到主謂一致的一個方面是主語和謂語的搭配要make sense，但是有的時候我們需要突出賓語部分，所以把賓語當做新的主語，這時候原來的謂語動詞就違反了主謂一致的原則。那么這個時候，我們就可以考慮被動語態(tài)了。事實上，這正是被動語態(tài)的一種用法。

  使用被動語態(tài)的情景有很多，大概可以分為以下幾類：

  A) 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或者沒有必要知道

  My bike was stolen last night.

  B) 借助被動的動作來突出承受者

  I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

  C) 句子組織需要

  The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.

  可以接雙賓語的句子改為被動語態(tài)后注意需要介詞點明直接賓語和間接賓語的關系。

  有些句子hear, make, feel, see做動詞省略to的動詞不定式改成被動語態(tài)時，to需要還原。

  I heard him sing in the next room.改為

  He was heard to sing in the next room.

  有些動詞不能改成被動語態(tài)

  A) 靜態(tài)動詞，如have, cost, last, own, suit, hold, fit, belong to, agree with

  B) 及物動詞的主動形式表示被動含義，如cut, wash, sell, write, wear

  C) 主動形式表示被動含義，如be worth doing, need doing

  SAT對于動詞或者動詞詞組是否能改成被動語態(tài)不會涉及，也就是說不會出現(xiàn)在被動語態(tài)和主動語態(tài)中選擇一個最優(yōu)選項的問題。如果出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象，考生應該返回去讀題，尋找其他的答題線索。

  知識點10

  情態(tài)動詞的區(qū)別和辨析在高中語法時是一個重要的語法知識點，但是在SAT中卻幾乎不涉及。我們只需要掌握的關于情態(tài)動詞的知識點主要是以下幾點：

  Can可以做“有可能會”

  情態(tài)動詞+“have done”表示應該/可能/也許已經發(fā)生某個動作，無論主語是單數還是復數，這里必須要用have done因為情態(tài)動詞后面只能加上動詞原形。

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