并列連詞則更加考查對句子意思的理解，并列連詞前后的意義重要程度比較類似。并列連詞在有些句子中是必不可少的，否則將會犯run-on錯誤。

  run-on sentence流水句;溶合句;不間斷句子;缺乏連接詞或標點符號的長句。

  兩個句子的連接必須用連詞或分號，用逗號來連接兩個句子只能是分句，不是主句。

  A run-on sentence is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses (that is, complete sentences) are joined with no punctuation or conjunction.

  修改如下：

  Obviously, the problem of greenhouse effect is one of the biggest problems that had many big conferences between countries to discuss it today,(這里應該用句號或分號, 連接兩個完整的句子)(用句號時大寫The)the movie is just magnifying the effect of this problem in order to lead the reason of this clime disaster more believable.

  Moreover, before the main catastrophe happened in THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW there are many small disasters appeared in the movie, like hail and cyclone which(避免重復可用that) could be seen in the(去掉the, 平常生活中in ordinary life)normal life, that(非限定性定語從句用which引導)let the story(缺少謂語動詞be或不妨用“makes+形容詞”結構更恰當)more closed to people’s experience and give(與前makes并列,用單三形式gives)the audience more soul shock than 2012.

  In 2012, the communication between the people is not enough,(逗號可改為冒號：或破折號——表示其后的句子解釋說明)the main action in this story is just run--- run on foot, run by car, run by plane and at last run by a huge ship.

  例題2

  We also incorporated sixteen-century English vocabulary into our speech. Substituting good morrow for “good morning” and gramercy for “thank you”.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. speech, we substituted

  C. speech, substituting

  D. speech; substituting

  解析2

  A不正確很明顯，句號導致后面的句子不完整。

  D不正確很明顯，分號相當于重置一個句子，同樣是分號后面的句子不完整。

  重點是B、C之間的選擇，B是準備用兩個句子表達這個意思C是準備用現在分詞修飾前面的句子，兩個方向都是可行的。

  B犯了run-on錯誤，因為兩個句子之間需要逗號加上連詞或者分號。

  C正確

  因此C

  注意run-on的錯誤無需關注第二個句子的主語和第一個句子的主語是否一致，只要標點和連詞有問題就是犯了run-on錯誤，高壓線。

  表示并列

  (1) 并列連詞and和or可以連接分句。如：

  He gained a B in English and now he plans to study Spanish. 他英語得了一個B，現在打算去學西班牙語。

  Do you want a bath at once, or shall I have mine first? 你是馬上洗澡還是讓我先洗?

  (2) or連接兩個并列的動詞或其他單詞。如：

  We will not pay ransom or do deals for hostages. 我們不付贖金，也不會救人質做交易。

  Are you going to water the garden before or after supper? 你打算在晚飯前還是晚飯后給花園澆水?

  (3) and可連接兩個分句，表示“只要…就…”。如：

  Do that again and I'll call a policeman! 你要再這樣，我就叫警察了。

  Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他會得寸進尺。

  (4) or可引起分句，表示“否則”。如：

  Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 趕快，否則你上學就要遲到了。

  Now I must go or I shall be late for the birthday party. 現在我必須走了，否則我就會誤了生日聚會。

  表示轉折

  but

  (1) but可以連接兩個并列分句或并列成分。如：

  I ought to have helped her, but I never could. 我應當給她幫助的，卻一直未能這樣做。

  Nicholas no longer felt disappointed, but happy and hopeful. 尼古拉斯不再感到沮喪，而是高興，充滿希望。

  Quickly but silently she darted out of the room. 她快速但悄悄地跑出屋去。

  (2) but也可引起狀語。如：

  Quentin tried to save it, but in vain. 昆廷試著拯救它，但沒用。

  Rex worked hard but without any success. 雷克斯努力干卻未取得成功。

  (3) but 引起一個句子，表示對前面句子的轉折。如：

  Roy made good promises but seldom kept them. 羅伊說得很好聽，就是很少遵守諾言。

  yet

  (1) yet可連接兩個分句表示轉折。如：

  Oscar said he was our friend, yet he wouldn't help us. 奧斯卡說他是我們的朋友，但卻不肯幫助我們。

  I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失敗了，但我還要試一試。

  (2) yet可用于句首。如：

  Yet the house was cheerful. 但屋子里充滿歡樂的氣氛。

  Yet its population has doubled. 但它的人口翻了一番。

  (3) yet可與and或but連用。如：

  Megan's vain and foolish, and yet people like her. 梅甘很虛榮、愚蠢，但人們卻喜歡她。

  Karida's a funny girl, but yet you can't help liking her. 卡瑞達是一個奇怪的姑娘，但你禁不住會喜歡她。

  however

  (1) 表示轉折，通常插在句子中間，介于連詞和副詞之間。如：

  Christine, however, was enjoying herself thoroughly. 而克里斯汀卻玩得很高興。

  Lorraine was not, however, aware of the circumstances. 不過羅琳對這情況不知情。

  注意標點的使用，這時however做為一個插入語，因此前后都需要標點符號。

  (2) however可放在句首或句尾。如：

  However, they did not seem to have much effect. 但它們似乎沒有多少作用。

  You know all this as well as I do however. 不過這一切你和我都一樣清楚。

  nevertheless

  (1) nevertheless為副詞，表示意思的轉折，多放在分句或句子之首。如：

  Marcus was angry, nevertheless he listened to me. 馬庫斯很生氣，不過他還是聽我講。 Nevertheless, she decided to act. 盡管如此，她仍決定采取行動。

  (2) 有時插在句中或放在句尾。如：

  What you said was true but it was nevertheless unkind. 你講的是真實的，但仍然有些無情。

  Although he's a fool, I like him nevertheless. 雖說他很傻，但我仍然喜歡他。

  表示因果

  (1) for引起的分句表示原因時，多數是對前面談的情況加以解釋，并用逗號把它和前面的分句分開，多用于書面語。如：

  Loren shook his head, for he thought differently. 勞倫搖了搖頭，因為他有不同的想法。

  Amber was angry, for she didn't know French. 安伯很生氣，因為她不懂法語。

  (2) so表示結果，可譯為“因此，所以，于是”。如：

  She asked me to go, so I went. 她讓我去，所以我就去了。

  Marcy told me to do it, so I did it. 馬西讓我這樣做，于是我就這樣做了。

  (3) therefore表示“因此” “所以”，多放在分句或句子之首。如：

  It rained; therefore, the game was called off. 下雨了，因此比賽取消了。

  I think, therefore I am. 我思故我在。

  其他并列連詞

  其他并列連詞有either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，as well as，它們也起連詞作用。如：

  (1) either...or主要連接兩個并列成分，表示“…或是…”。如：

  We can either fly there or go by train. 我們可以坐飛機去，也可坐火車去。

  We can have either fish or beef. 我們可以吃魚或是牛肉。

  (2) neither...nor表示“既不…又不…”，可連接兩個主語、賓語、表語、謂語或狀語。如：

  Neither Austria nor Germany would listen to the suggestion. 奧地利和德國都不聽這個建議。

  I have neither time nor money. 我既無時間又無錢。

  Rock neither drinks nor smokes. 洛克既不喝酒，也不抽煙。

  They work neither for fame nor for personal gain. 他們工作既不為名也不為利。

  (3) not only...but (also)...表示“不僅…而且…”，用來連接兩個并列的成分。如：

  Not only my mother was unhappy, but Marian, too. 不僅我母親不快樂，瑪麗安也不快樂。

  Their decision will affect not only our class but also the whole school. 他們的決定不僅會影響到我們班，而且會影響到我們學校。

  (4) as well as也起連詞作用，表示“同” “和” “也”等。如：

  It is important for you as well as for me. 這對你和對我都很重要。

  We cannot expect her to do the homework as well as look after the children. 我們不能指望她既做作業又照看孩子。

  (5) both...and也有連詞的作用。如：

  Both his mother and his father will be there.他父母二人都要去那里。

  Tonight Mary will both sing and dance. 今晚瑪麗既要唱歌又要跳舞。

  習題

  1. Viewers witness art in motion, they are like a flock of elegant windmills.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. something to describe

  C. because something

  D. something

  2. Rickey was born in Indiana. The grandson of a clockmaker and the son of an engineer at a sewing machine company, however, the future artist grew up in a family with mechanical features.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. for instance

  C. meanwhile

  D. DELETE the underlined portion

  3. Astronomy students at the Colorado Scholl for the Deaf and the Blind field tested the illustrations and offered suggestions for improvement. When Grice and the students were finally satisfied, the illustrations were stamped onto metal plates, which were then used to mass-produce molded plastic pages.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. Nevertheless, when

  C. On the contrary, when

  D. For this reason, when

  答案

  1. A有兩個問題，首先they指代的是viewers但是這里應該指代art，第二個這里就是兩個句子犯了run-on錯誤

  B這里describe的主語應該是人，但是這里是something不能夠成為describe的實施者

  C連詞后面應該是完整的句子

  D正確，逗號后面的內容是修飾art的

  因此D

  2. A中however前面只有主語沒有謂語，句子不完整

  BC理由和A一樣

  D是正確的，因為前面的the grandson of a clockmaker and the son of an engineer at a sewing machine company是the future artist的同位語，因此不能用連詞，逗號分隔修飾就可以了。

  因此D

  3. G、H、J前后文沒有上下文關系，G是讓步H是對比J是因果

  F沒有關系，就正常

  因此F

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