每周三的名師說欄目

  特為廣大烤鴨、托友而設(shè)

  專門請資深雅思、托福專家

  以專題方式為大家講解各類備考干貨

  前四期還沒看過的可以戳鏈接看回顧

  名師說第一期|目標(biāo)雅思口語7分該怎樣練習(xí)?

  名師說第二期|雅思語法中容易混淆的概念

  名師說第三期|托福寫作該怎么舉例子?

  名師說第四期|三步教你搞定托福口語task1的三選一題型

  今天第五期為我們帶來干貨內(nèi)容的是

  上海新航道托福閱讀導(dǎo)師—易艷

  她為我們帶來的內(nèi)容是

  托福閱讀簡化句子題

  易艷

  北京語言大學(xué)教育學(xué)碩士

  剛開始接觸托福閱讀的你，看到一長段文章是不是瑟瑟發(fā)抖?拿到簡化句子題是不是經(jīng)常被長難句繞得云里霧里，不知道從哪里入手?別急，莫慌!今天我們就以TPO21 Passage2 Question5為例，告訴你怎么抽絲剝繭，讓你撥云見日看到答案的曙光。

  第一步：剝邏輯

  拿到原句和四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，我們先把邏輯“剝”一遍，看看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)和陰影里的原句在邏輯上是否一致。

  簡化句子題里常見的邏輯關(guān)系有兩種：因果邏輯和轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯。這兩種邏輯關(guān)系，想必你都不陌生，但是需要注意的是，因果邏輯關(guān)系詞除了because和so這兩個(gè)老朋友之外，你還需要盡快熟悉due to、owing to、lead to、thereby、therefore、thus、allowing for等新朋友;轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系詞除了but和however，你還需要把while、whereas、despite、though、nevertheless等謹(jǐn)記于心。

  那現(xiàn)在我們一起來看看陰影里的原句用的是什么邏輯關(guān)系詞，出現(xiàn)的又是哪種邏輯：

  The temperature increased dramatically in ashort period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth ofthe hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources.

  原句里用的邏輯關(guān)系詞是allowing for和due to，表示因果邏輯。

  我們再看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)：

  A. The resources needed by the growinghunting and gathering population increased rapidly once temperatures rose.

  B. Dramatic temperature increases and thesimultaneous growth of the hunting and gathering population led to the need formore resources.

  C. Higher temperatures led to the existenceof increased resources, thus enabling the hunting and gathering population togrow.

  D. The dramatic temperature increaseoccurred during the few years when abundant resources allowed the hunting andgathering population to grow.

  四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里跟原句邏輯關(guān)系一致，有因果邏輯關(guān)系詞的是B選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)用的因果邏輯關(guān)系詞是led to, C選項(xiàng)用的因果邏輯關(guān)系詞是led to和thus。

  第二步：剝結(jié)構(gòu)、語義

  經(jīng)過上一步剝邏輯以后，我們確定優(yōu)先要比對的選項(xiàng)是B和C，接下來就要把原句和選項(xiàng)的結(jié)構(gòu)、語義剝出來進(jìn)行比對，確定正確答案。

  The temperature increased dramatically in ashort period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth ofthe hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources.

  翻譯：溫度在短時(shí)間內(nèi)急劇增長，使得人口由于資源的豐富得到了增長。

  原因：溫度的增長和資源的豐富

  結(jié)果：人口的增長

  B. Dramatic temperature increases and thesimultaneous growth of the hunting and gathering population led to the need formore resources.

  翻譯：急劇的溫度增長以及同時(shí)的人口數(shù)量增長導(dǎo)致了對更多資源的需求。

  原因：溫度增長和人口數(shù)量增長

  結(jié)果：更多資源的需求

  C. Higher temperatures led to the existenceof increased resources, thus enabling the hunting and gathering population togrow.

  翻譯：更高的溫度導(dǎo)致了增長的資源，從而導(dǎo)致了人口數(shù)量的增長。

  原因：更高的溫度，增長的資源

  結(jié)果：人口數(shù)量的增長

  通過上面我們對原句和選項(xiàng)在結(jié)構(gòu)、語義上的比對發(fā)現(xiàn)，B選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了因果倒置的情況，C選項(xiàng)和原文一致是正確答案。

  自己來練習(xí)下吧~

  這就是托福閱讀簡化句子題抽絲剝繭的過程，你學(xué)會(huì)了嗎?來試試把下面這個(gè)題目的答案剝出來吧。

  TPO3 Passage2 Question3

  原句：Estimates indicate that the aquifercontains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiaridclimatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition tothe aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.

  A. Despite the current impressive size ofthe Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climate keeps the rates of water additionvery small.

  B. Although the aquifer has been addingwater at the rate of only half a centimeter a year, it will eventuallyaccumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.

  C. Because of the region’s present climaticconditions, water is being added each year to the aquifer.

  D. Even when the region experiencesunfortunate climatic conditions, the rates of addition of water continue toincrease.

  今天的講解就到這里啦~

  這樣“剝”的方式你get了嗎?

上海新航道寒假班火熱報(bào)名中~~~

更多優(yōu)惠等著您來！！